The Origins of Terrorism and Jihad Essay example - 2861 Words

America is at war. But who is the enemy that America is fighting? This enemy, known generally as terrorism, lives in a different world than the American superpower. Terrorism is the child of decades of religious disputes, histories of deep national pride, and what is seen as infringement upon Islamic holy grounds. Islamic fundamentalists in the Middle East view Americas presence in Saudi Arabia as blasphemous and intolerable . The preservation of face and appearance of strength are key elements in the world of the Middle East that evidence themselves in various ways. Extreme humiliation and oppression are two of the factors involved in inciting desperate people who feel shamed and weak to violent actions such as terrorism.†¦show more content†¦So many motifs appear in these Arab nations: minority oppression, religious divisions, devout national pride, and a faà §ade of strength. Hopefully, focusing upon these motifs will create a framework within which the current and future problems of this area may be resolved. In large sections of the Middle East, America is seen as hypocritical because she contributes to Iraqi children dying by imposing economic sanctions while speaking of democracy and freedom. These deaths certainly do not uphold humanitarian ideals that America claims coexist with democracy and freedom. America knows that her presence in certain holy lands has been seen as a great offense to many Arabs for quite some time, but their opinions now seem to carry a bit more importance and relevance to the present situation. Why have we chosen to ignore our offensive actions for so long? The answer is simple-we didnt think that the issue was of any importance, even though the issue was central to other portions of the world. Americas view of world issues has been rather narrow until the present. Until now, America has employed no consistent policy to combat terrorism. The threat has been taken seriously only on limited fronts and only when it was deemed absolutely necessary. For example, th ere was a crackdown on security in Turkey after a terrorist incident, but theShow MoreRelatedJihad : The World Is Mindful Of The Term `` Jihad ``1407 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup in the world yet controversial, the world is mindful of the term â€Å"Jihad†. The term has been coined and implemented negatively by the extremists in the name of Islam resulting in a shaken misbalance in the Islamic as well as in the rest of the world. In the light of recent events, the Arabic word â€Å"Jihad† has gained vital attention. The reason I chose this word is to make a little effort providing true and basic insight of jihad as described in Islam. Most people are aware of this term, use and criticizeRead MoreThe Terror Of Osama Bin Laden1120 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"A declaration of Jihad,† on August 23, 1996 deals with Osama bin Laden order to sanction a defensive war (jihad) after he gained refuge in Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden is a well-known terrorist and is the lead er and founder of al-Qaeda. In 1979, the origins of al-Qaeda can be traced back to this year because that is when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. Originally, Osama bin Laden used al-Qaeda as a way to enlist Muslim into the resistance. After, the Soviets left not shortly after the United StatesRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Boston Marathon1319 Words   |  6 Pagesand dying in the name of global â€Å"jihad†. The two brothers were self-radicalized homegrown terrorists. Existing evidence points to the fact that, while inspired by militant jihadism and in loose contact with terrorists in Dagestan, they operated alone. This is a case study of the radicalization process that led Tamerlan Tsarnaev to adopt violent â€Å"jihad†, kill three people and injure 250 others. Background Tamerlan Tsarnaev, a 26 year old male, was of Chechen origin who had been living in the U.S. forRead MoreAl Qaeda: Origins, Development and Objectives1597 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Relations Al Qaeda: Origins, Development and Objectives Select any terrorist group we studied and explain its origins, development and objectives. Al Qaeda is an international terrorist organization that was founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s in Peshawar, Pakistan. The name is Arabic for â€Å"The Base of Operation† or â€Å"method† (Burke 2004). However, many experts agree that al-Qaeda is more dangerous as an ideology than as an organization. As an organization, it has beenRead MoreAn Explanation of Terrorism1176 Words   |  5 PagesAn Explanation of Terrorism After browsing through Stephen E. Atkins book Terrorism, I soon learned many interesting things regarding the history of terrorism. It seems this form of protest has been around since Biblical times. Also, the main goal of a terrorist is not to do damage to one peticular person or place, but to gain publicity for an idea they support. (page 1) Evidence of this can be found by looking at the recent past of the United States. The Oklahoma bombing was one mans wayRead MoreEssay about An Explanation Of Terrorism1132 Words   |  5 Pages An Explanation of Terrorism After browsing through Stephen E. Atkins book Terrorism, I soon learned many interesting things regarding the history of terrorism. It seems this form of protest has been around since Biblical times. Also, the main goal of a terrorist is not to do damage to one peticular person or place, but to gain publicity for an idea they support. (page 1) Evidence of this can be found by looking at the recent past of the United States. The Oklahoma bombing was one mans way ofRead MoreConflict : The Boko Haram Insurgency1701 Words   |  7 PagesConflict: The Boko Haram Insurgency Type of Conflict: Hot war. Origins Boko Haram is the nickname for the group officially known in Arabic as Jama atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda awati Wal-Jihad--the People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet s Teachings and Jihad. Named by the Northern Nigerian Muslims and subsequently picked up by the press, the name Boko Haram translates to Western education is forbidden and is derived from the teachings of Mohammed Yusuf, the group s early leader, whoRead MoreTerrorism by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad3663 Words   |  15 PagesTerrorism by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad Brandin P. Lea SCTY 488 – Terrorism and Homeland Security December 26, 2010 Professor Eric Witcher Abstract It has been the case that over the duration that mankind has graced the planet there has been group’s hell bent on enacting their beliefs and values upon the rest of the world. As time has passed there have been many times that these groups have changed the face of the planet permanently. You can look at any organized religious group andRead MoreEssay about Islam3215 Words   |  13 Pagesunlimited peace and prosperity. Unfortunately, new issues came to light, such as terrorism. Terrorism is defined by Title 22 of the United States code, section 2656(d) as â€Å"the pre-meditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.† In light of recent terrorist activity in the West, the danger that Islamic terrorism poses to national security and civilian safety has been brought to attentionRead MoreIslamic Extremism And The Islamic World Essay1811 Words   |à ‚  8 PagesMany people think terrorism and islamic militancy is a product of long-lasting religious traditions in the islamic world. However, when delving deeper into the origins of this radical violence related to islam, and the middle east, it becomes apparent it is connected to many different global and political factors that have led to it’s significance on the world-stage. The question arises, why is Islam so directly connected to violence? This can be due to the lack of knowledge, it is essential to recognize

Conflict Resolution Styles in Organizational Behaviour

Introduction Conflict is a process that every one of us has experienced throughout our lifes. There are various definitions of conflicts as described by different authors but generally, conflict is a process whereby one individual’s interests is opposed or negatively affected by the other party (McShane et al. 2010). Workplace and organisational conflicts are usually more complex. Isenhart and Spangle (2000) points out that at the beginning the conflict may start because of improper placement of workers and their responsibilities in a workplace, but it may get worse if they faces unfair rules, ineffective management, unclear responsibilities or too much work assigned. Organisational conflicts can result in many possible outcomes, the†¦show more content†¦Research has shown that interest-based strategies such as mediation had the best long-termed results such as improved relationship between parties, greater commitment to solutions and reduced future conflicts from happening. This is why involved parties in a conflict should use this approach as it reaps the most benefits. Even though there are many theories and various methods underlying mediation, it is generally defined as an intervention by a neutral third party which facilitates the process but allow participants in the conflict to control the outcome (Jameson 2001). Depending on the severity of the conflict, the mediator is to provide useful information in legal issues, help the participants into perspective thinking, provide a guide in finding the most satisfying and realistic settlement, help to improve the working/personal relationship between participants, or engage in some combination of the above methods. Inquisitorial Intervention (Rights-based) This describes intervention by a person of a higher authority; in most cases is the manager, who will make a final decision. Managers who adopt this strategy allow employees more or less control over presentation of their arguments before deciding on an appropriate solution (Jameson 2001). Because the third party(manager) listens to every party’s arguments before making a judgment, the manager acts as a ‘judge’ and thisShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Conflict Resolution Strategies1377 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategies are key to how an organization’s employees’ perceive their job, their management and their organization. Leadership and conflict resolution strategies are important to creating job satisfaction and reducing employee turnover, which is an added expense to the organization. Kinicki et al, reviews several strategies and theories about leadership and conflict management. Many of the proposed suppositions, are unable to stand alone to explicat e this complex concept. However, inspirational leadershipRead MoreGender and Culture Conflicts at Work858 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Gender and Culture Conflicts @Work There are a number of conflicts at my workplace. One of which that is related to gender is the differences in conflict management and conflict interaction with respect to gender. I noticed differences in how women react to and engage in conflict as compared with men. While differences are good in some cases, these differences, particularly with respect to conflict (in general) can exacerbate the conflict or redirect it such that the conflict does not get resolvedRead MoreFriendship Baptist Church And Power1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthe system is very loosely controlled. An overbounded system regulated politics with a firm hand; an underbounded system openly encourages conflict and power games† (Boleman, L Deal, T, 2013, p. 200). Friendship functions as an overbounded system. This does not remove the negative aspects of politics in organization, it simply demands that those conflicts, power games and coalitions be done behind the scenes and secretively. This ultimately damages the morale of the organization and contributesRead MoreMultiformity in the Workplace Essay example659 Words   |  3 Pages INTRODUCTION Diversity is defined as a multi-dimensional mixture of people who vary by age, gender, race, religion, or life-style. Workplace diversity refers to variety and multiformity in the workplace. This multiformity can be driven in numerous ways; demographic composition of geographical location, an aging population, increasing presence of women in the workplace to mention a few. In this paper we examine how diversity can be manages using operant and social learning practices to reduce theRead MoreAssignment : Task Conflict And Development Of New And Creative Opportunities1157 Words   |  5 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW Task conflict occurs when there is a mismatch between ideas and disagreement among the members of a group. Different viewpoints emerge. It leads to healthy environment if it is carried at low level. For attaining a desired level of profit parameter, JM Discount Liquor can follow task conflict. Steps to be followed: †¢ Employees to be divided in groups. †¢ A group leader should be selected. †¢ Each group should be assigned task related to how to increase the sales and profit accountRead MoreManagement and Conflict Resolution2408 Words   |  10 PagesAll conflict within an organization is detrimental to employees and the organization. Discuss. Conflict can be defined as â€Å"a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or it is about to negatively affect, something the first party cares about†,(Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) also perceive conflict as a mental state which has to be acknowledged by the two parties involved to comply with its definition. In an organizationalRead MoreManaging Interpersonal Relationships2973 Words   |  12 Pagestheir deadlines. Through office gossip Sven has heard that Tim and Bob have been having a few disagreements. The three of them are presently in a meeting where Tim and Bob are bringing Sven up to date with the first month progress of the project when conflict arisesÂ… Scene one: Tim and Bob have just finished going over some figures. 1. Sven: Figures sound good, if you could just leave that report with me I d like to have a look through itÂ…..also how are the two of you finding it to work togetherRead MoreConflicts Within The Workplace Are Inevitable1428 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 3021 Theme 1 Conflicts in Organisations Conflicts within the workplace are inevitable. Conflict is ever present for organisations and how these conflicts are dealt with defies the difference between how they operate. In this essay I will be considering organisational conflicts and discuss whether conflict is something organisations can resolve. I will be discussing the nature of work and how this impacts on individual’s in their everyday organisational life. Due to the current climate the governmentRead MoreLeadership Conflict at Centre Street Settlement House2824 Words   |  11 Pagesu HYPERLINK l _Toc323033432 Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc323033432 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033433 Leadership Conflict at Centre Street Settlement House PAGEREF _Toc323033433 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033434 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc323033434 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033435 Issues Addressed PAGEREF _Toc323033435 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033436 Conflicting Leadership Styles PAGEREF _Toc323033436 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033437 Work Life Balance PAGEREF _Toc323033437 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc323033438Read MorePurchasing Behaviour - Consumer Modeling1219 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 13 Consumer Modeling Things to learn in this chapter: †¢ Engel, Blackwell and Miniard model. †¢ J.N.Sheth model of industrial behaviour. †¢ Nicosia model. 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Management and Business Context for Corporate Governance

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Business Context for Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction: In the present business environment, organizations have to focus on utilizing different types of strategies in order to cope up with the market related challenges (Siakor et al., 2012). The business strategies not only have to ensure creating positive impact on the revenue aspect but also have to ensure the strategies create positive impact on the environmental condition of the community. For that reason, significance of using appropriate business governance strategies is critical for avoiding any type of business related challenges in an effective manner. In this report, the focus would be on the severe environmental issues that Harvey Norman has faced in order to conduct business in timber furniture sector. The Last Stand group has highlighted the fact that the management of Harvey Norman has not focused on keeping the environmental condition at the desired level in order to sale furniture products effectively. In fact, selling of too much timber furniture product has affected the overall forest in Australia. The protest highlighted the unethical governance practices by Harvey Norman for fulfilling all the business objectives. The report focuses on highlighting the significance of using appropriate governance within the business culture for avoiding any type of legislative or ethical challenges in an appropriate manner. Significance of Maintaining Effective Corporate Governance: As per the article by Dudley, Jeanrenaud and Sullivan (2014) corporate governance reflects the system of practices, processes and rules that organizations implement in order to control all the activities associated with the business procedure. Corporate governance primarily involves balancing the interests of an organizations different stakeholders like management, customers, shareholders, financiers, community and government. Thus, appropriate use of corporate governance strategies allows organizations to keep all the stakeholders satisfied with the business procedures and outcomes. Moreover, corporate governance also focuses on providing effective framework for achieving different company goals and objectives. Therefore, it allows organizations to describe itself as a responsible corporate citizen (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Now, Harvey Norman has always focused on utilizing effective corporate governance strategies so that it can able to maintain the satisfaction level of all the stakeholders in an effective manner. For that reason, it will be unwise for any external entities to question the governance level of Harvey Norman. In fact, senior management of Harvey Norman have mentioned that their governance activities have always focused towards developing strong correlation between all the stakeholders so that it can help to achieve success in the market. As per the article by Carroll and Buchholtz (2014), appropriate government monitoring can allow organizations to maintain healthy work environment where all the employees can give their best at the workplace. Now, the internal work environment of Harvey Norman always helps to increase the effectiveness of the work environment. In fact, the organization has also focused on performing different CSR activities so that it can able to create positive impact on the market. For that reason, the complaint against Harvey Norman of destroying the natural resources or Forest is not justified completely. Role of Governance in Maintaining Environmental Balance: In the present time, providing some additional value to the community has become essential for all the business entities. It not only increases the current environmental condition of the economy but also help businesses to create brand awareness in the market. Environmental governance reflects a concept in environmental policy and political ecology for handling human activities comprehensively. Now, the business processes often creates adverse impact on the overall condition of the environment (Ward et al., 2015). Therefore, governance has to play a major role for reducing the amount of adverse impact created through the business process. For that reason, corporate governance of Harvey Norman has tried to identify the best possible way to create positive impact on the community. Now, Harvey Norman primarily deals in electrical, computer, furniture and bedding goods retailing. As a result, it has to depend on the effectiveness of the logistics activities for achieving success in the m arket. Moreover, selling goods with controversial raw materials is another key environmental issue that senior management of Harvey Norman have to deal with regular basis. Different retail and manufacturing organizations have faced challenges related to selling of products with controversial raw materials. Now, timber furniture products have heavy demand in the Australian market (Koslowski, 2013). Therefore, it definitely encourages organizations like Harvey Norman in selling these items. However, organizational governance has to ensure that cutting of tree are equally complemented with CSR activities like plantation of new trees. However, the governance of Harvey Norman has not focused too much on the compensation perspective. As a result, it has provided the opportunity for the groups like The Last Stand to highlight the unethical practices of Harvey Norman are affecting the density of forest (Luetge, 2012). Thus, it highlights the fact that corporate governance plays an important role in maintaining environmental balance of the community. Otherwise, business practices that are negative impact on environment are likely to damage the overall image of the organization. Necessary Policies and Legislations that Corporate Governance can follow for Avoiding Unethical Environmental Practices: Over the years, several policies and procedures have been developed for providing a guideline to the organizations in creating positive impact on the environment. Now, Harvey Norman has always focused on keeping the standard of all the products and services for maintain the customer base in the market. Therefore, the management has made a consistent effort in utilizing high quality raw materials for products. However, no Harvey no campaign has highlighted the loopholes of Harvey Norman at the time of developing furniture products. Natural Resource Defence Council (NRDC) has provided a guideline regarding the best possible way to use natural resources for business perspective (Nicol?escu, 2013). Moreover, EU timber regulation has developed legislative guidelines for maintaining the greeneries in the country. It has highlighted that illegal logging can ultimately result into destruction of forest and other natural resources. However, the management of Harvey Norman does not conduct any illegal logging activities for satisfying the needs and wants of the customers. Still, increasing demand has induced Harvey Norman to log more plants on regular basis (Hartman et al., 2014). As a result, it is likely to create adverse impact on the overall natural resource level of Australia. For that reason, Harvey Norman will have to focus on developing strategies regarding effective harvesting of the timbers, which will not create any adverse impact on the forest. Moreover, corporate governance will have to focus on developing systematic procedure for assessing all the risk factors in order to mitigate them effectively (Bowie, 2017). The risk assessment will also have to include the significance of maintaining effective supply chain so that it can minimize the waste of timber at the time of developing furniture. Factors that Prevent Maintaining Corporate Governance Ethics: As per the article by Weiss (2014) several factors including cost, resource and market threat can induce organizations to perform different unethical practices. It has been assessed that maintenance of all the legislative and ethical guidelines often increases the overall cost associated with the business procedure. Therefore, it creates direct impact on the overall revenue level of the organization. For that reason, it induces management to focus on different unethical activities for keeping the profit at the desired level. On the other hand, in order to create desired impact on the environment, organizations have to include more resources. Now, higher amount of resources will require higher investment from the organization (Woermann, 2012). However, the business activities of Harvey Norman have always tried to maintain different rules and regulations for avoiding any ethics related challenges. Still, The Last Stand group has highlighted that the management of Harvey Norman has not provided too much impact on the planting new trees so that logging of timbers do not destroy the forest of Australia. Moreover, the management have tried to use improper logging activities in order to fulfil the market needs and demands for furniture products effectively (Buchholtz Carroll, 2012). However, the senior management of the organization have denied of using any unethical activities for achieving greater success in the market. The management has mentioned that Harvey Norman has always tried to provide some value added services for all the employees and communities, as they believe it is an integral part of the organization. The business activities of Harvey Norman have never compromised with the ethics for achieving more success in the market. Recommended way to use Corporate Governance for Maximizing the Impact on Environment: The protest against Harvey Norman business activities of selling timber furniture product affected the overall image of the organization. For that reason, the senior management has played important role in ensuring this type of unnecessary protest against the business practices does not happen in near future. The management have recommended of publishing all the CSR activities conducted by Harvey Norman for the well-being of the society. It has helped the people to understand the kind of positive impact business activities of Harvey Norman created on the environmental condition of the community (Zutshi et al., 2016). Moreover, it is recommended for the management to provide necessary information regarding the necessity of using timber product for the development of high quality furniture. However, the governance of Harvey Norman will have to maintain all the rules and regulations associated with the timber logging act in order to avoid such type of protest in future. Moreover, the ma nagement of Harvey Norman will have to take additional initiatives like plantation; maintenance of tress and other activities for ensuring the business activities of the organization is not destroying the forest of the community. The management of Harvey Norman will have to conduct different participatory CSR program, which will help people to understand the present business process of the organization in an effective manner. In addition, the governance policy will also have to ensure that all the activities associated with the business procedure are using limited natural resources, which will eventually help Harvey Norman to emerge as a responsible corporate citizen. Conclusion: The above illustration has highlighted the significance of appropriate use of governance is necessary for fulfilling all the business aim and objectives. It allows businesses to avoid any type of challenges associated with the operational procedure. The Harvey Norman incident of selling timber furniture has emerged as an issue due to the improper governance activities. For instance, if the management of Harvey Norman constantly monitors the logging activities, it will help them to assess the current procedure is affecting the forest of the community without any issues. Therefore, it would help Harvey Norman to avoid this issue appropriately. References: Bowie, N. E. (2017).Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Buchholtz, A. K., Carroll, A. B. (2012).Business society: Ethics stakeholder management. South-Western Cengage Learning. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Dudley, N., Jeanrenaud, J. P., Sullivan, F. (2014).Bad harvest: The timber trade and the degradation of global forests. Routledge. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C., Hartman, L. P. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Koslowski, P. (Ed.). (2013).Contemporary economic ethics and business ethics. Springer Science Business Media. Luetge, C. (2012). Fundamentals of order ethics: Law, business ethics and the financial crisis. Nicol?escu, E. (2013). Business ethics, corporate governance, and social responsibility.Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics,1(1), 86-92. Siakor, K. P., Sichalern, O., Daian, M., Harris, G., Phengsopha, K., Wanneng, P. (2012). project Value-adding to Lao PDR plantation timber products. Ward, S., Killingsworth, S., Leigh, A., Meyer, A. S., Van der Heyden, L., Weights, P. (2015). Ethics in Business.Business Compliance,4(3-4), 75-91. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Woermann, M. (2012).On the (im) possibility of business ethics: critical complexity, deconstruction, and implications for understanding the ethics of business(Vol. 37). Springer Science Business Media. Zutshi, A., Zutshi, A., Creed, A., Creed, A., Holmes, M., Holmes, M., ... Brain, J. (2016). Reflections of environmental management implementation in furniture.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,44(8), 840-859.